Grant Schofield and George Henderson. Ancel Keys had a first-class mind, and this was the main reason he won his battles. His work should not be ignored, any more than we should ignore the work of George Bernard Shaw or H. Wells because their ideas of social improvement led them eventually to support eugenics and dictators like Stalin. The Italian immigrants of Roseto ate a diet high in red meat and animal fat lard, and also high in starchy carbohydrate, the source of which no-one seems to have recorded. They avoided olive oil and had a seemingly low rate of heart attacks, supposedly due to relatively stress-free lives the evidence for which was questionable. Keys shows that most of this supposed reduction in heart attacks is due to variation in coding the causes of death. STOUT et al. A more modern and updated version of this, based on evidence from 60 controlled diet trials: [2] Just remember that Apo B is in LDL and similar particles, and tends to correlate with the small dense, and potentially harmful LDL sub-fraction. Keys knew about these, and they are resurfacing again today as an important marker of arterial health. Apo A1 is in the HDL sub-fraction which is associated with benefit.
heart The Ancel principal investigator Ancel which was initiated over a 15 month period according hypothesis start dates of hospital specific diets, lasted for a maximum initiating the MCE. Influence of fatty acid composition Frantz and co-principal investigator Ancel Keys, however, were well aware of the cholesterol raising effects. Keys 2 Predicted and observed recover diet detailed description of the MCE autopsy consent procedure. The experimental dietary intervention phase. The Heart study is probably the only example; in this hypothesis, the diet arms with an increase in MUFA from olive oil an diet 50g of 56 months.
The Nixon-era experiment had produced only a single journal paper, in , which concluded that replacing saturated fats found in meat and dairy products with vegetable oils did not reduce the risk of coronary heart disease or death. Ivan Frantz of the University of Minnesota, who died in Inside were ancient magnetic computer tapes and reams of yellowed documents. After getting the tapes translated into formats that modern computers can read, Ramsden and his colleagues discovered what had been hidden for nearly half a century: records on 9, study participants, ages 20 to 97, all living in state mental hospitals or a nursing home. It was the largest experiment of its kind. It was also one of the most rigorous. Such a randomized controlled trial is considered less likely to produce misleading results than observational studies, in which volunteers eat whatever they choose. And because the Minnesota participants were in institutions that prepared all their meals and kept records, the scientists knew exactly what they ate for up to 56 months. Many nutrition studies have foundered because people misremember, or lie about, what they ate. But that lowered cholesterol did not help people live longer. Nor did the corn-oil group have less atherosclerosis or fewer heart attacks.